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I have solved riddle of the Sphinx, says Frenchman


 

 

www.telegraph.co.uk  Archaeologists, who are able to tell us who built the pyramids of Ancient Egypt, have puzzled over the riddle of the Sphinx for generations.

The identity of the ruler who ordered the building of the 65ft high, 260ft long limestone half-human statue that has guarded the Giza Plateau for 4,500 years has been lost in the sands of time.

Now, following a 20-year re-examination of historical records and uncovering new evidence, Vassil Dobrev, a French Egyptologist, claims to have proved that the largest single stone statue on Earth is the work of a forgotten pharaoh.

The most popular theory of the origins of the Sphinx is that it was conceived by Khafre, a king of the Fourth Dynasty whose pyramid sits behind the statue.

However, in Secrets of the Sphinx, a documentary to be broadcast tonight on Channel Five, Dr Dobrev says it was created by Djedefre, Khafre's half brother and a son of Khufu, the builder of the Great Pyramid.

Dr Dobrev, of the French Archaeological Institute in Cairo, said: "It is incredible. The most important image in Egypt, the Sphinx, and we can't say who it was with certainty.

"This is the first time it has been proposed that the Sphinx has been built after the death of Khufu by his son Djedefre who succeeded him."

Khafre, the builder of the nearby second pyramid at Giza who ruled from 2558 to 2532 BC, has traditionally been credited with creating the Sphinx.

He is referred to in the Dream Stella, a stone tablet that tells of a young prince who dreamed that the Sphinx promised to make him king if he cleared the sand from its paws. He built both the pyramid behind the Sphinx and two temples in front of it.

However Dr Dobrev noticed that the causeway connecting Khafre's pyramid to the temples was built around the Sphinx - meaning it was already in existence.

All known statues of Khafre show him with a beard - but the Sphinx has none. Dr Dobrev says fragments of a giant beard found beneath the sphinx that survive in Cairo Museum were a later addition.

Several years ago Rainer Stadelmann, the former director of the German Institute of Archaeology in Cairo, suggested an alternative theory, that Khafre's father Khufu - the builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza - created the Sphinx.

A small statuette of Khufu, the only commonly acknowledged image of the pharaoh, shows him to have a very square chin, like the Sphinx.

Dr Dobrev says he has uncovered other images of Khufu, none of which have beards, and that this proves the sphinx represents Khufu.

The nemes, the sphinx's headdress, has markings representing two small pleats and one large. Khufu is shown with a similar nemes in at least one other statue.

Dr Dobrev says the Sphinx was built by Djedefre in the image of his father Khufu, identifying him with the sun god Ra in order to restore respect for their dynasty.

George Reisner, a respected American archaeologist in the 1930s, portrayed Djedefre as a plotter whose tomb was built away from Giza because he tried to murder his brother Kawab. Dr Dobrev says Reisner's theory is unsubstantiated. He asks why a carved stone list of donations made to Kawab's daughter would have an emblem of Djedefre on it if he was her father's murderer. He says that Djedefre was a visionary builder who built a sun temple at Abu Roash, six miles from Giza, a structure so far believed by archaeologists to be a pyramid.

Dr Dobrev re-examined graffiti carved by workers at a site called Zawiyet el-Aryan and believes this shows he has uncovered Djedefre's pyramid tomb

Dr Nigel Strudwick, of the British Museum, said: "It is not implausible. But I would need more explanation, such as why he thinks the pyramid at Abu Roash is a sun temple, something I'm sceptical about. I have never heard anyone suggest that the name in the graffiti at Zawiyet el-Aryan mentions Djedefre.

"I remain more convinced by the traditional argument of it being Khafre or the more recent theory of it being Khufu."
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I have solved riddle of the Sphinx, says Frenchman
I have solved riddle of the Sphinx, says Frenchman

Archaeologists, who are able to tell us who built the pyramids of Ancient Egypt, have puzzled over the riddle of the Sphinx for generations.Now, following a 20-year re-examination of historical record (17/12/2004)
Tomb of powerful family among recent Egyptian finds
Tomb of powerful family among recent Egyptian finds

Egyptian Ministry of Tourism Archaeologists unveiled the tomb of a member of a powerful family that governed a swath of western Egypt about 2,500 years ago, along with a dozen recently discovered mumm (17/12/2004)
Excavators discover 20 mummies
Excavators discover 20 mummies

Excavators discovered 20 gilded mummies in the Bahariya oasis in western Egypt, the government's council of antiquities said earlier this week . (14/12/2004)
A Whiff of Eaa de Nile Just for Tourists
A Whiff of Eaa de Nile Just for Tourists

www.arabnews.com Youأ¢â‚¬â„¢ve read the guide book and seen the brochure pictures, now smell the sights. The Leeds branch of Thomson travel agency will be introducing Smellyvision at its store. (02/12/2004)
6.8 million tourists visit Egypt from January to October
6.8 million tourists visit Egypt from January to October

Egypt's Chairman of the Tourism Promotion Authority Ahmed Al-Khadem announced that about 6.8 million tourists visited Egypt (02/12/2004)
Time to turn back tourist tide in Valley of the Kings
Time to turn back tourist tide in Valley of the Kings

American scientists are preparing a makeover for the world's most famous graveyard. A plan to control tourism, limit traffic, deflect flash floods, reduce theft and vandalism and even alter farming on (18/11/2004)
The dying craft of Egyptأ¢â‚¬â„¢s Ramadan lanterns
The dying craft of Egyptأ¢â‚¬â„¢s Ramadan lanterns

At 72, Ahmed Ali Ghoneim is one of Cairo's last fanous artists - proud of his tradition but watching his ancestral craft of handmade traditional Ramadan lanterns being threatened by cheap, mass-produc (18/11/2004)
Nile Hotel to Be Renovated
Nile Hotel to Be Renovated

The Nile Hotel and the International Conference Centre will be closed for renovation on December 18 and will be re-opened on November 20, 2005, Serena Hotel officials, have said. (11/11/2004)
Integrated Tourist Complexes in Egypt أ¢â‚¬â€œ from El-Gouna to Port Ghalib
Integrated Tourist Complexes in Egypt أ¢â‚¬â€œ from El-Gouna to Port Ghalib

The Red Sea resort of El-Gouna is a perfect example of the new Egyptian strategy of tourist destination development. Initiated, owned and partially managed by Orascom Telecom, El-Gouna offers an integ (29/10/2004)
The Mediterranean Travel Fair
The Mediterranean Travel Fair

The Cairo International Exhibition Centre in Nasr town hosted the fifth session of the MTF from 14th to 16th of September 2004. (29/10/2004)
Travel warning for Iraq, Egypt
Travel warning for Iraq, Egypt

Britons may be targeted by threats being made in northern Iraq to kidnap foreign nationals, says the Foreign Office (22/10/2004)
Egypt: stolen relics go home
Egypt: stolen relics go home

More than 600 Egyptian antiquities flew back to Egypt from the UK four years after they were stolen and smuggled out. (22/10/2004)
Cairo upgrades international airport
Cairo upgrades international airport

News Cairo's only international arrival hall, Terminal 3 is expected to open next month, after which renovation work for Terminal 1 arrivals begins. (15/10/2004)
Bab Zuweila opens its doors (again)
Bab Zuweila opens its doors (again)

For the first time in five centuries, one of Egyptأ¢â‚¬â„¢s countless treasures, the Bab Zuweila, is once again accessible to the public (07/10/2004)
Egypt: Ancient Wonders from a Balloon
Egypt: Ancient Wonders from a Balloon

Drifting over the Valley of the Kings in a hot-air balloon is perhaps the greatest indulgence of an Egyptian trip (30/09/2004)
Fraud exposed - after 3,000 years
Fraud exposed - after 3,000 years

An Egyptian researcher says he has uncovered evidence of corruption and nepotism going back some 3,000 years. (14/08/2004)
Tourists continue flocking to Egypt
Tourists continue flocking to Egypt

Last year's U.S.-led war against Iraq and the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome combined to deal a severe blow to the travel industry worldwide, but Egypt defied the trend, attracting a re (04/08/2004)
A New Minister of Tourism in Egypt
A New Minister of Tourism in Egypt

Mr. Ahmed El-Maghraby was appointed Minister of Tourism in Egypt on July 14th, 2004. Before joining the Egyptian Cabinet, and in 2002, he was selected Member of the Economic Committee, the National De (22/07/2004)
Egyptian archaeological team reveal battlements from Pharaonic times
Egyptian archaeological team reveal battlements from Pharaonic times

Egyptian Ministry of Tourism An Egyptian archaeological team has uncovered battlements from Pharaonic times at the ancient eastern gateway to Egypt in the north of the Sinai Peninsula, Culture Ministr (22/07/2004)
Ancient Egyptians loved a good laugh
Ancient Egyptians loved a good laugh

Scott Noegel, president of the American Research Center in Egyptأ¢â‚¬â„¢s (ARCE) northwest chapter, told أ¢â‚¬إ“Discovery Newsأ¢â‚¬آ‌ that ancient Egyptian humor consisted of at least five basic categ (22/07/2004)
Health Tourism in Egypt Treatment and fun
Health Tourism in Egypt Treatment and fun

Health tourism has grown considerably throughout the world and in Egypt in particular. One of the important health tourist resorts is Al-Ghardaqa the largest city on the western coast of the Red Sea, (08/07/2004)
Australian archaeologists unearth 5000-year-old necropolis
Australian archaeologists unearth 5000-year-old necropolis

Egyptian Ministry of Tourism A team of Australian archaeologists have discovered six previously unknown tombs dating back to 3000 BC at the ancient cemetery of Memphis, Egypt's first capital city. (29/06/2004)
Rafters conquer Nile
Rafters conquer Nile

A group of six rafters pulled their boat out of the worldأ¢â‚¬â„¢s longest river at Rosetta on the Mediterranean coast exhausted but ecstatic after completing the first full descent of the White Nile (20/06/2004)
Egypt creates protected tourism zone
Egypt creates protected tourism zone

MENA 1 June, 2004 Egypt created an ecologically protected tourism zone at Marsa Alam, on the western shores of the Red Sea, the Egyptian news agency MENA reported. (06/06/2004)
Hardy tourism industry boosts Egypt economy
Hardy tourism industry boosts Egypt economy

The alleys of Cairo's Khan el-Khalili bazaar are even more cramped than usual, thanks to a tourism boom that has persuaded economists to revise upwards their forecasts for growth in the sluggish Egypt (21/05/2004)
Top Egyptian antiquities smuggler gets 35 years
Top Egyptian antiquities smuggler gets 35 years

The ringleader of an Egyptian antiquities smuggling ring that shipped at least 300 pharaonic and other artefacts to Europe was sentenced to 35 years in prison. (21/05/2004)
West Nile to Get Airline
West Nile to Get Airline

Passengers flying to West Nile will soon have another travel option when a new airline, West Nile Air Uganda Limited starts operating. (14/05/2004)
Underground City Found in Sinan
Underground City Found in Sinan

During restoration of the architect Sinan's house in the town of Kayseri, a Central Anatolian city in Agirnas, an underground city was found. (26/04/2004)
Egyptأ¢â‚¬â„¢s paper pyramid to aid world cup bid
Egyptأ¢â‚¬â„¢s paper pyramid to aid world cup bid

Egypt is hoping a pyramid built of paper messages will help secure it the 2010 football World Cup. (26/04/2004)
King Fuad's Nile Steamer
King Fuad's Nile Steamer

For many, the image of a Nile cruise was set by the classic 1978 film of Agatha Christie's (27/03/2004)
Away with the Pharaohs
Away with the Pharaohs

The House of the Eagle by Duncah Sprott, (480pp, Faber 12.99) is the first instalment in what its author has predictively titled "The Ptolemies Quartet", (27/03/2004)
Beyond the pyramids
Beyond the pyramids

For most tourists, Cairo means the pyramids أ¢â‚¬â€œ and the pyramids alone. (27/03/2004)
On your donkey
On your donkey

Egyptian kings used donkeys more than previously thought, archaeologists have found. (18/03/2004)
Al Azhar to open Thai branch
Al Azhar to open Thai branch

Thailand will open a branch of the prestigious Al Azhar Islamic university this year (15/03/2004)
أ‚آ£200m new home for Tutankhamun
أ‚آ£200m new home for Tutankhamun

Egyptian Gazette 6 March, 2004 The sands of Giza have yet to see the first bulldozer, (15/03/2004)
WorldRes & intoegypt sign Partnership Agreement
WorldRes & intoegypt sign Partnership Agreement

intoegypt.com aims at enhancing the technological development of the tourism sector and its services in Egypt. (08/03/2004)
Beltagui leads Egypt delegation to Milan Travel Bourse
Beltagui leads Egypt delegation to Milan Travel Bourse

Egyptian Ministry of Tourism 17 February 2004 Minister of Tourism Dr. Mamdouh El-Beltagui arrived in Italy (08/03/2004)
Cruising the Nile
Cruising the Nile

The night train from Cairo pulled into Luxor station before dawn. (25/02/2004)
One thousand sunken relics in Alexandria
One thousand sunken relics in Alexandria

A French archaeological team has retrieved more than 1000 artifacts, (03/02/2004)
Old Egypt greets the new Russians
Old Egypt greets the new Russians

The one thing nobody had told me about the Pyramids is that they hadn't finished them yet. Or that the Russians were now in charge of their completion. (26/01/2004)
Mummified lion unearthed in Egypt
Mummified lion unearthed in Egypt

Archaeologists have uncovered the first example of a lion mummified by the ancient Egyptians, (26/01/2004)
Ugly creature lures Egyptian divers
Ugly creature lures Egyptian divers

Of all the gorgeously bright fish and plants in the Red Sea, the most unlikely looking creature of all is luring amateur divers to risk their lives. (26/01/2004)
Egypt and Libya أ¢â‚¬â€œ tit for tat
Egypt and Libya أ¢â‚¬â€œ tit for tat

Egypt has imposed a visa requirement on Libyans in retaliation for Tripoli levying a similar demand on Egyptians. (20/01/2004)
Egypt tourism team visits Dubai to study growth
Egypt tourism team visits Dubai to study growth

A seven-member delegation of Egyptian Tourism Authority has visited Dubai recently to get acquainted with the massive developments taking place in the emirate and the efforts of the Dubai government t (12/01/2004)
Ancient Egyptian official's tomb found
Ancient Egyptian official's tomb found

Polish and Egyptian archaeologists have unearthed a necropolis containing the 4,000-year-old stone tomb of a royal official, (12/01/2004)
Mummies found
Mummies found

French archaeologists have found 19 mummies as well as wood and limestone sarcophagi in an ancient Egyptian burial ground (02/01/2004)
Secrets from the Sand
Secrets from the Sand

The grandeur and chill inhuman beauty of the works left to us by Pharaonic Egypt أ¢â‚¬â€‌ from the smallest shawabti, or tomb statuette, to the Great Pyramid of Khufu (02/01/2004)
Egypt spills beans on Blair holiday
Egypt spills beans on Blair holiday

Downing Street's annual attempt to keep the Prime Minister's holiday plans secret foundered yesterday (02/01/2004)

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The articles which appeared in Islamic Tourism magazine

Egyptian Museum's incredible treasures dazzle visitors

  Issue 69

Balloon's give bird's-eye views of glorious Luxor

  Issue 69

The Glory Of The Pharaohs Lives On In Luxor

  Issue 68

Ashmolean
Age of the Pharaohs in all its glory
  Issue 67

Nile cruises showcase the incredible legacy of the Pharaohs

  Issue 67

Egypt's incredible archaeological sites and gorgeous beaches are expected to lure tourists back

  Issue 65

Adventure Travel: Crossing Egypts Western Desert With Satnav

  Issue 62

SHARM EL SHEIKH

  Issue 62

Journey Through The Afterlife
Ancient Egyptian Book Of The Dead
  Issue 60

Mystical, Magical Cairo

  Issue 55

Famed Egyptian archeologist really digs his work

  Issue 52

Petrie Museum
Showcasing life in Ancient Egypt
  Issue 51

El Gouna
Red Sea Coast, Egypt
  Issue 49

The Nile, the mysterious source of life

  Issue 44

Egypt's most popular coffee shop chain challenges Europe

  Issue 42

Egypts glorious past serves tourism trade well

  Issue 41

The Talaat Moustafa Group
Leading real estate and tourism investment organization
  Issue 37

Sukaina Bint Al-Hussein
Oppressed by the Umayyadأ¢â‚¬â„¢s, Welcomed By Egypt
  Issue 30

Advert
MTC television
  Issue 30

The eighth meeting
of Pan-Arab tourism in Cairo
  Issue 29

The new seven wonders of the world

  Issue 28

Advert
MTC
  Issue 28

Advert
MTC
  Issue 27

The 7th Mediterranean Travel Fair

  Issue 26

Egyptأ¢â‚¬â„¢s Eastern Desert
The Final Frontier For Tourists
  Issue 26

Celebrating The Saintsأ¢â‚¬â„¢ Birthdays In Egypt
Transforming Nights Into Illuminated Days
  Issue 26

Tourism
A revolution in Egypt's red sea
  Issue 25

Luxor
The 'Open-Air Museum'
  Issue 24

Pharaohs'
Village
  Issue 23

The Hajj and Umrah Fair
2006 in Cairo
  Issue 23

Mediterranean Travel Fair
Infinite Ideas, Endless Inspiration
  Issue 23

International Conference
On Food And Tourism
  Issue 23

Food & Tourism
An Approach To The World Of The Future
  Issue 22

Greenery In The Desert
The Other Side Of Egypt
  Issue 22

Advert
al-Multaqa advert
  Issue 22

Tourism in Egypt
From Islamic and economic points of view
  Issue 21

Travel Fair
The mediterranean Travel Fair
  Issue 20

Aswan
A journey to the land of the pharaohs
  Issue 20

Pyramids
Treasures and Traffic
  Issue 19

Advert
Mediterranean Travel Fair - www.mtfcairo.com
  Issue 18

Oases Tourism
Nature, Culture and Adventure
  Issue 18

Cairo
6th International Forum of Hadj, Umrah and Inter-Arab Tourism
  Issue 18

El-Alameen
Soldiers' hell metamorphosis into a paradise for tourists
  Issue 18

Tourism Related
Foreign Investments Economic Opening of the Arab World?
  Issue 16

Integrated Tourist Complexes in Egypt
From El-Goun to Port Ghalib
  Issue 14

The Mediterranean Travel Fair

  Issue 14

Mosques of Cairo
Marvelous models of Islamic architecture
  Issue 13

Health Tourism
in Egypt
  Issue 12

Ramadan in Egypt
Stories, Spirituality, Festivities and fellowship
  Issue 8

Exhibitions
Mediterranean Travel Fair
  Issue 8

Cairo
Great success despite the shadow of war
  Issue 6

News
Arab ministers of tourism discuss: Liberalization of Arab services in Tourism
  Issue 5

Cairo
The mediterranean travel fair
  Issue 5

Alexandria
Bride of the mediterranean
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News
Progressive Improvement in promoting Tourism in Egypt
  Issue 4

Cairo
An Academic Tour of Cairo
  Issue 4

The Agha Khan
Award for architecture 2001
  Issue 2

Tourism news
in Staggeric Tourism & Aviation
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News
5.5 Million Tourists a year to Egypt before 11 September 2001
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